substitutions in the kitchen

This is a list of substitutions for when you are out of an ingredient or do not want to use wines and such in cooking.
Try these Ingredient Substitutions:

Almond extract
Use Amaretto

Brown sugar
For each cup: use 1 cup granulated sugar mixed with 1 Tablespoon molasses or Dark Karo Syrup

Buttermilk
For each cup: Mix 1 cup of plain yogurt or sour cream mixed with ¼ cup skim milk (use only 1 cup of the mixture)

Cake flour
For each cup: Measure 1 cup of all-purpose flour, remove 2 Tablespoons and replace with 2 Tablespoons of cornstarch

Chili Sauce
For one cup: Combine 1 cup tomato sauce, ¼ cup brown sugar, 2 Tablespoons vinegar, 1/4 teaspoons cinnamon, dash of ground cloves and dash of allspice

Chives
Use green onion or scallion tops instead

Cornstarch (for thickening sauces)
For each Tablespoon: Use 2 Tablespoons all-purpose flour

Corn syrup
Replace with honey

Cream of Tartar
For ½ teaspoon: Use 1½ teaspoons of lemon juice

Ground Red Pepper
For ¼ teaspoon: use 8 drops of Tabasco (or other hot pepper sauce)

Pumpkin Pie Spice
For 1 teaspoon: Combine 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, 1/8 teaspoon allspice, and 1/8 teaspoon nutmeg

Shallots
Use red onion

Sour cream
Use plain yogurt

Tomato Sauce
For a 15-oz can: Combine a small can of tomato paste with 1½ cups of water. Mix well!

Unsweetened Chocolate (melted)
For each ounce: Use 3 Tablespoons unsweetened cocoa mixed with melted butter or margarine

Vanilla Extract
Use brandy

Whipped cream
Chill a 13 ounce can of evaporated milk for 12 hours. Add 1 Tablespoon lemon juice.. Whip until stiff.

Wine
For ½ cup: Use ¼ cup of wine vinegar (red or white wine vinegar depending on what the recipe calls for) mixed with 1 Tablespoon of sugar and ¼ cup of water
Alcohol Substitutes for Recipes

Here's a helpful list that suggests substitutes for a variety of alcoholic
beverages. Quantities and substitutes vary, depending on the recipe used.

Amaretto:
non-alcoholic almond extract; orgeat Italian soda syrup; or marzipan.

Applejack or apple brandy:
Unsweetened apple juice concentrate; apple juice; apple cider;
or apple butter.

Apricot brandy:
Syrup from canned apricots in heavy syrup; or apricot preserves.

Bourbon:
Non-alcoholic vanilla extract.

Champagne and other sparkling wines:
Sparkling apple cider; sparkling cranberry juice; or sparkling grape juice.

Cherry liqueur or brandy:
Syrup from canned cherries in heavy syrup; Italian soda cherry syrup;
or cherry preserves.

Coffee liqueur or brandy:
Espresso; non-alcoholic coffee extract; or coffee syrup.

Creme de cacao:
Powdered white chocolate mixed with water; non-alcoholic vanilla extract
and powdered sugar.

Creme de cassis:
Black currant Italian soda syrup; or black currant jam.

Creme de menthe:
Mint Italian soda syrup; or non-alcoholic mint extract.

Gewurztraminer:
White grape juice mixed with lemon juice, water, and a pinch of powdered
sugar.

Licorice or anise flavored liqueur:
Anise Italian soda syrup; or fennel.

Mirin:
White grape juice mixed with lemon juice or zest.

Muscat:
White grape juice mixed with water and powdered sugar.

Orange liqueur or brandy:
Unsweetened orange juice concentrate; orange zest; orange juice;
or marmalade.

Peach brandy:
Syrup from canned peaches in heavy syrup; or peach preserves.

Peppermint schnapps:
Mint Italian soda syrup; non-alcoholic mint extract; or mint leaves.

Port:
Concord grape juice mixed with lime zest; or cranberry juice mixed
with lemon juice.

Red wine:
Grape juice; vegetable stock; cranberry juice; tomato juice; or
concord grape jelly.

Riesling:
White grape juice mixed with water and a pinch of powdered sugar.

Rum:
Non-alcoholic vanilla or rum extract.

Sherry:
Apple cider; non-alcoholic vanilla extract; coffee; or coffee syrup.

Vermouth:
Apple cider; or apple juice mixed with lemon juice and water.

Vodka:
Water; apple cider or white grape juice mixed with lime juice.

White wine:
White grape juice; apple cider; apple juice; vegetable stock; or water.